Device for spreading granular and/or powdery material

ABSTRACT

A spreader has a hopper (2) the lower region of which comprises a part-spherical wall portion (12) in which outlet ports (50, 51) are provided for enabling material to pass from the hopper to a distribution member (5). The free aperture of each port is adjustable by a dosing slide (80,81). The dosing slides (80, 81) are controllable by an adjusting mechanism (114) which is able to displace either one of the dosing slides (80, 81) without displacing the other.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 814,750,filed Dec. 30, 1985, now abandoned, which is a continuation ofapplication Ser. No. 495,338, filed Apr. 28, 1983, which issued Dec. 31,1985 as U.S. Pat. No. 4,561,595.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a device for spreading granular or powderymaterial or both, such as fertilizer.

Such devices, referred to as "spreaders" in this description, generallycomprise a hopper for the material to be spread and at least onedistribution member. The hopper has at least an outlet port throughwhich the material can pass from the hopper to the distribution member.

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided adevice for spreading granular or powdery material or both comprising ahopper, for receiving the material to be spread, and a distributionmember, the hopper having an outlet port through which the material canpass from the hopper to the distribution member, the outlet port beingprovided in a substantially part-spherical wall portion of the hopper.

In a spreader in accordance with the present invention, the space withinthe hopper near the outlet port is shaped so that the material can floweffectively towards the outlet port.

A simple embodiment is obtained when the part-spherical wall portion isannular and extends around 360°. The flow of material towards the outletport is promoted when, in a horizontal position of the spreader, thecenter of a curvature of the part-spherical wall portion is at a higherlevel than the part-spherical wall portion itself. Thus the hopper isnarrowed near the part-spherical wall portion in a manner such that thematerial will not stick in the lower part of the hopper.

It is advantageous when the part-spherical wall portion adjoins thehopper's floor which is movable about an axis. The junction between thepart-spherical wall portion and the floor can thus have a smooth shapeso that the material can flow smoothly towards and through the outletport. The outflow of the material is particularly favorably affectedwhen the floor rotates about the axis during operation of the spreader.The rotating floor portion thus acts upon the flow of material movingtowards the outlet port. The construction of the spreader is simplifiedif the rotary axis of the floor coincides with the axis on which thepart-spherical wall portion is centered. A satisfactory junction betweenthe part-spherical wall portion with the floor is obtained when thepart-spherical wall portion bears at least partly on a circumferentialshoulder of the hopper floor.

In a preferred embodiment of the spreader, the lower edge of the outletport is located substantially at the level of the hopper floor. Thus thecooperation between the rotating floor and the outlet port can beutilized to the optimum. In a construction in which the hopper has twooutlet ports, the lower and upper edges of the outlet ports extenddownwardly in opposite senses. Therefore, even in the case of an outflowof small amounts of material from the hopper to the distribution memberthe material can be effectively fed to the distribution member foruniform distribution across a broad strip of land during operation.

The passage of material through the outlet ports can be readilycontrolled by providing a dosing slide adjacent the part-spherical wallportion for closing each outlet port to a greaater or lesser extent, thedosing slide having a part-spherical shape and abutting thepart-spherical wall portion. The dosing slide can be readily moved withrespect to the part-spherical wall portion irrespective of the positionof the dosing slide relative to the wall portion.

According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provideda device for spreading granular or powdery material or both comprising ahopper having at least two outlet ports, near each one of which isarranged a dosing slide for closing the outlet ports optionally to agreater or lesser extent, the dosing slides being movable independentlyof each other by an adjusting mechanism comprising a control member, acoupling mechanism being provided which is operable selectively toconnect and disconnect one or both dosing slides to and from the controlmember so that one of the slides can remain in a predetermined positionwhile the other slide is displaceable by the adjusting mechanism.

With such a construction, the mode of distribution can be determined ina simple manner, there being only one control member for adjusting thesetting of the dosing slides.

A simple construction is obtained when the adjusting mechanism comprisesa coupling member about which coupling arms connected with the dosingslides are rotatable, these coupling arms extending to positions near acoupling mechanism which is adjustable with respect to the couplingmember, the coupling mechanism together with the coupling member beingrotatable about the centerline of the coupling member. The couplingmechanism is adjustable in a manner such that the coupling arms can beoptionally coupled by the coupling mechanism for rotation with thecoupling member.

For a better understanding of the present invention and to show moreclearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made,by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view on a reduced scale of a spreader;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view of part of the spreader of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a further enlarged sectional view taken on the line III--IIIin FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow IV in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow V in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged, partial front view of the spreader, illustratingan adjusting mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a slide elevational view in partial section of the adjustingmechanism illustrated in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a view on an enlarged scale, of part of the adjustingmechanism taken on the line VIII--VIII in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view corresponding to FIG. 8, but showing theadjusting mechanism in a different position;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken on the line X--X in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 corresponds to FIG. 10 but shows the adjusting mechanism in adifferent position; and

FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken on the line XII--XII in FIG. 8.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The spreader represented in the Figures comprises a frame 1 on which ahopper 2 is mounted. The hopper 2 has two funnel-shaped parts 3 and 4,below each of which there is a distribution member 5, 6. The frame 1 isprovided with coupling lugs 7 and 8 for hitching the spreader to athree-point lifting device of a tractor or similar vehicle.

The distribution members 5 and 6 are coupled with a driving mechanismwhich is not shown in detail but has an input shaft 9 which can becoupled to the power take-off shaft of the tractor. The funnel-shapedhopper parts 3 and 4 are provided at their lower regions with deliveryfunnels 10 and 11 respectively which open into delivery basins 12 and13. The delivery basins 12 and 13 constitute the lower wall portions ofthe hopper and are shaped as annular part-spherical members.

The delivery funnels 10 and 11 are intercoupled by a coupling strip 14,which is supported in a manner not shown by frame beams 15. Transmissionmeans for the distribution members 5 and 6 is accommodated in a hollowbeam 16, which is fastened by support strips 17 to the coupling strip14. The hollow beam 16 is provided at its ends with gear boxes 18 inwhich are journalled shafts 19 on which the distribution members 5 and 6are mounted. The frame 1, the hopper 2 and hence the delivery funnels 10and 11 with the delivery basins 12 and 13 are disposed symmetricallyabout a plane 20 containing the longitudinal center line of the spreaderand extending in the normal intended direction of travel 22 of thespreader. The distribution members 5 and 6 are also disposedsymmetrically about the plane 20; they are, however, relatively off-setabout their rotary axes, in a manner which is not shown in detail.

The delivery basins 12 and 13 are identical and for this reason only thedelivery basin 12 is shown in FIGS. 2 to 3. The delivery basin 12constitutes a broad part-spherical annulus having a top edge 27 and abottom edge 28, which are parallel to each other. The edges 27 and 28thus lie in parallel planes 30 and 31, between which the annuluscomprises, so to speak, a section of a spherical so that the deliverybasin constitutes a spherical wall portion near the underside of thehopper. The planes 30 and 31 going through the top and bottom edges 27and 28 are perpendicular to an axis 21 on which lies the center of thesphere, so that the annular wall portion 12 is centered on the axis 21.The axis 21 coincides in this embodiment with the rotary axis of thedistribution member 5. The top edge 27 of the spherical wall portion 12surrounds the lower end 26 of the delivery funnel 11, which is centeredon the rotary axis 21, the funnel being otherwise four-sided andadjoining the four-sided part 3 of the hopper 2. The spherical wallportion 12 has a height 32, which preferably exceeds one third of theradius of curvature 33 of the spherical wall portion 12 and in thisembodiment is approximately equal to half the radius 33. The section ofthe imaginary sphere which constitutes the wall portion 12 is such thatthe distance 34 of the plane 30 from the center of curvature slightlyexceeds half the distance 32 and is preferably approximately equal toone third of the radius 33. The upper edge 27 of the wall portion 12 hasa diameter 35, which is not significantly smaller than twice the radius33 and exceeds twice the diameter 36 of the lower edge 28. The size ofthe wall portion 12 is preferably chosen to be such that the diameter 35is about thirty centimeters and the diameter 36 about thirteencentimeters.

The delivery basin 12 surrounds, with ample clearance, the lower edgeregion 26 of the delivery funnel 10, and is movable with respect to thedelivery funnel 10. The delivery basin 12 bears on the floor 37 of thehopper portion 3. The floor 37 has a radial flange 28 which supports thelower edge 28 of the delivery basin 12. The periphery of the floor 37has a centering shoulder 29 which fits within the diameter 36 of thelower edge 28 of the delivery basin 12 in a manner such that the floor37 and the delivery basin 12 are readily movable relative to one anotherabout the centering shoulder 39. The floor 37 is rigidly secured bybolts 40 to the distribution member 5. The floor 37 is fastened to araised, flat center portion 42 of a support plate 41 of the distributionmember 5, on which ejection blades 44 are mounted. The floor 37 and thesupport plate 41 are fastened to a fastening plate 43, which is rigidlysecured to the shaft 19. The shaft 19 extends in this embodiment throughan opening in the central portion 42 and through an opening in the floor37 and extends into the lower region of the hopper portion 3. From theportion 42, the support plate 41 has a downwardly extending, conicalportion 45 which merges into a slightly upwardly extending, conical part46, on which the blades 44 are mounted.

The delivery basin 12 has two outlet ports 50 and 51, which are mirrorimages of each other. The outlet port 50 has two opposite, upwardlyextending edges 52 and 53 which are parallel to each other and lie inplanes 54 and 55, which are parallel to a plane 56 containing the rotaryaxis 21 and extending in the direction 22. The plane 56 is parallel tothe plane 20. The outlet port 51 has edges 57 and 58 which correpsond tothe sides 52 and 53 and are also parallel to the plane 56. The outletport 50 has an upper edge 59, meeting the edge 53 at a point 60 which ishigher than the point 61 at which it meets the edge 52. The higher point60 is located on an imaginary circle 62, which is parallel to the topedge 27 and surrounds the axis 21 approximately midway between theplanes 30 and 31.

As measured in the plane of FIG. 5, the outlet port 50 has an overallheight 63, the point 60 lying at a distance 64 above the point 61, thisdistance 64 being about one quarter of the overall height 63. Thelowermost point 65 of the outlet port 50 is located where the lower edgeof the port meets the edge 52. The lower edge of the outlet portcomprises two portions 66 and 67 which are inclined to each other, theportion 67 being slightly longer than the portion 66. The portion 67meets the edge 53 at a point 68 which is a distance 69 above the point65, this distance 69 also being approximately one quarter of the overallheight 63 of the outlet port. The lower edge of the outlet port formedby the portions 66 and 67 is located substantially at the level of thetop surface 70 of the floor 37.

The outlet port 51 has an upper edge 71 and a lower edge comprising twoportions 72 and 73 in a manner such that the outlet ports 50 and 51 aredisposed symmetrically about a plane extending parallel to the edges 52,53 and 57, 58 and located midway between the edges 53 and 58. Normallythe outlet ports 50 and 51 are located one on each side of the plane 56.The outlet port 51, which is nearer the plane of symmetry 20 than theoutlet port 50, is located nearer the plane 56 than the outlet port 50.The outlet ports 50 and 51 are located at the front of the deliverybasin 12, with respect to the travel direction 22.

The delivery basin 13 has a shape similar to that of the basin 12 andthe basins 12 and 13 are disposed symmetrically about the plane 20. Likethe delivery basin 12 the delivery basin 13 has two outlet ports locatedat the front of said basin. The outlet ports in the two delivery basins12 and 13 are located in front of a plane 76 containing the rotary axes21 of the two distribution members 5 and 6, this plane beingperpendicular to the plane of symmetry 20.

The width 74 of the outlet port 50, measured between the edges 52 and53, is substantially equal to one quarter of the radius of the curvatureof the delivery basin 12. The outlet ports 50 and 51 are spaced apart bya distance 75, which is substantially half the distance 74. The outletports cover an angle 77 of about 75° around the axis 21.

Dosing slides 80 and 81 are arranged on the outer periphery surface ofthe delivery basin 12 near the ports 50 and 51 in a manner such thatthese ports can be closed optionally to a greater or lesser extent bythe dosing slides 80 and 81. The dosing slides 80 and 81 are arranged oncarrying arms 82 and 83, which are pivotally connected to the deliverybasin 12 by pins 84 and 85. The carrying arm 82 and 83 are pivotallycoupled to the dosing slides 80 and 81 by pins 86 and 87. The axes ofthe pins 84, 85 and 86, 87 extend through the center of the sphericalwall portion 12. The dosing slides 80 and 81, like the outlet ports 50and 51, are disposed symmetrically about a plane between them, as arethe arms 82 and 83. The carrying arms 82 and 83 are made from resilientmaterial and their cooperation with the pins 84, 86 and 85, 87 is suchthat they press the dosing slides 80 and 81 against the outer peripheryof the delivery basin 12.

Each of the dosing slides, as is only shown for dosing slide 80, has twostraight, opposite edges 88 and 89 extending parallel to the edges 52and 53. The edges 88 and 89 are spaced apart by a distance 90, whichslightly exceeds the distance 74. The slide 80 has a lower edge 91 whichis slightly inclined to the horizontal so that the lowermost point ofthis lower edge 91 is located on the side where the lowermost point 65of the lower edge of the outlet port 50 is located.

The delivery basins 12 and 13 surround with clearance the lower ends 26of the respective delivery spouts 10 and 11 and are prevented fromturning about the delivery parts 10 and 11 by fixing arms 100 and 101.The ends of the arms 100 and 101 are bent through 90°, one end of eacharm engaging a tongue 102 of the respective delivery basin. The otherend 103 of each arm can be inserted at will into one of a plurality ofholes 104 in a strip 105 secured to the frame 1.

Coupling rods 95 and 96 are pivotally connected to the top edges of thedosing slides 80 and 81 by pivotal shafts 97 and 98 respectively whichcomprise bent-over end portions of the coupling rods 95 and 96. Theshafts 97 and 98 are parallel to the top edge 27 of the delivery basin.Dosing slides 106 and 107 corresponding with the dosing slides 80 and 81for ports 108 and 109 corresponding with the outlet ports 50 and 51 inthe delivery basin 13 are supported by carrying arms 110 and 111. Thedosing slides 106 and 107 are coupled with coupling rods 112 and 113corresponding with the coupling rods 95 and 96. The coupling rods 95,96, 112 and 113 form part of an adjusting mechanism 114, for the dosingslides 80, 81, 106 and 107.

The adjusting mechanism 114 comprises a carrying spindle 120, which issecured by supports 121 and 122 to the front of the hopper, with respectto the travel direction 22. A hollow coupling tube 123 is supported onthe spindle 120 and is rotatable about it. The coupling tube 123 extendsover almost the whole length of the spindle 120 between the supports 121and 122. Coupling arms 124, 125, 126 and 127 are mounted on the couplingtube 123 and are linked to the coupling rods 95, 96, 113 and 112respectively by adjusting elements 129 which are connected to thecoupling arms 124, 125, 126 and 127 by pivotal shafts 128. The adjustingelements 129 are clamped to the coupling rods 95, 96, 112 and 113 byscrews 130 in a manner such that the distance between the pivotal shafts128 and the respective pivotal shafts such as the pivotal shafts 97 and98 of the coupling rods on the dosing slide is adjustable. The couplingrods 124 and 127 are rotatable about the coupling tube 123. The couplingarms 124 and 125 are arranged between locating strips 131 and 132 whichare rigidly secured to the coupling tube 123. The coupling arms are heldapart from each other by a spacer sleeve 133 which is rotatable aboutthe coupling tube 123 with respect to the arms 124, 125. Similarly, thecoupling arms 126 and 127 are arranged between locating strips 134 and135, which are rigidly secured to the coupling tube 123, and a spacersleeve 136 is disposed between the arms 126 and 127. In the carryingstrips 131, 132, 134 and 135 is arranged a coupling mechanism in theform of a control rod 137, which is journalled in openings 161 in suchcarrying steps and is slidable lengthwise in these openings. The controlrod 137 is parallel to the coupling tube 123 and its centerline 169 isat a distance 138 from the common centerline 168 of the coupling tube123 and the carrying spindle 120. The control rod 137 is pivotallycoupled to an adjusting arm 139 by a pivotal shaft 140. The adjustingarm 139 is pivotally coupled by a further pivotal shaft 141 to thecoupling tube 123 (FIG. 12). The coupling tube 123 is provided with afixing strip 142 provided with a locking pin 143, which can be insertedat will into any one of at least three holes 144 in the control rod 137.The control rod 137 can thus be put into any one of three positions andlocked in those positions against axial movement with respect to thetube 123. The control rod 137 has four slots 145, 146, 147 and 148.These slots are located near and are adapted to cooperate with the ends119 of the coupling arms 124, 125, 126 and 127.

The coupling tube 123 is supported approximately at its middle by asupporting strip 149, which is fastened to the strip 14. Near its middlethe coupling tube 123 has fastened to it an adjusting lever 150, whichis coupled by a pivotal shaft 151 with an inner cable 152 passingthrough an outer cable 153, one end of which is held stationary near thefront of the hopper by a supporting tongue 154. Near the support 122 thecoupling tube 123 is provided with an adjusting arm 155, which ismovable between a guide plate 156 fastened to the support 122 and aguide bracket 157. The guide members 156 and 157 have holes 158 intowhich a pin 159 can be inserted to serve as an adjustable stop for thearm 155. The top end 160 of the bracket 157 constitutes a fixed terminalstop for the arm 155.

The coupling arms 124 and 125 extend beyond the axis 168 of the couplingtube 123 on the side opposite the pivotal shafts 128 for a distance 165,which is substantially equal to the distance 138. The ends 119 of thearms 124 to 127 have round cavities 166, the radius of which is slightlylarger than the outer diameter of the round rod 137. The arms 124 to 127can be brought into positions in which the cavities 166 are centered onthe centerline 169 of the control rod 137.

To put the spreader into operation it is hitched to the lifting deviceof a tractor or a similar prime mover by means of the fastening strips 7and 8. The stub shaft 9 is coupled by an auxiliary shaft to the powertake-off shaft of the tractor. During operation the distribution members5 and 6 can be caused to rotate from the power take-off shaft inopposite senses in a manner such that the adjacent sides of thedistribution members 5 and 6 move in the travel direction 22, that is tosay, towards the front of the spreader. The hopper 2 is filled with thematerial to be spread. From the hopper 2 the material can be fed to thedistribution members 5 and 6 through the outlet ports 50 and 51 and thecorresponding outlet ports 108 and 109. The locations of the ports 50,51 and 108, 109 around the rotary axes 21 of the distribution members 5and 6 with respect to the travel direction 22, the diameter 167 of thedistribution members and their shape and speed of rotation are chosen sothat the material is spread by each of the distribution members duringtravel over a strip of land covering approximately equal distances toboth sides of the plane of symmetry 20. Thus in operation each stripreceiving the material is covered twice i.e. once by the distributionmember 5 and once by the distribution member 6. Owing to the symmetricalpositions of the distribution members 5 and 6 and the symmetricallocations of the outlet ports 50 and 51 and 108, 109 with respect to theplane 20 the material is spread symmetrically with respect to that planeby the distribution members. Since the two distribution members spreadthe material symmetrically on the same strip of land a very uniformdistribution pattern is obtained. To achieve the full benefit of thissymmetrical arrangement, the material should flow in a regular streamthrough the outlet ports to the distribution members concerned.

It is to achieve this end that the outlet ports of each hopper part 3and 4 are provided in a spherical wall portion 12 and 13 respectively,which acts as a delivery basin. The shape of the delivery basin has beenselected so that its ends extend over a fairly large horizontal distanceparallel to the horizontal floor 37 (when the spreader stands on ahorizontal surface). The outlet ports 50 and 51 are situated in the morehorizontal lower region of the wall portion 12. The lower sides of theoutlet ports are located near the edge 28, which adjoins the floor 37rotating with the distribution member 5. The combination of the floor 37rotating about the axis 21 with the adjoining, spherical wall portion 12has a particularly advantageous effect in obtaining a satisfactorypassage of the material through the delivery basin. Thus the materialcan effectively and uniformly flow out through the outlet ports withouttending to remain lying on the bottom or to stick to the wall portion12. The rotating floor 37 imparts a centrifugal force to the materiallying on it so that the material is pushed towards the spherical wallportion 12. The spherical wall guides the material received from therotating floor in a manne such that it can readily flow towards theoutlet ports 50 or 51, through which it flows. Since the outlet portsare provided in the more horizontal part of the delivery basin, it flowsat an acute angle in the direction towards the distribution members,which can thus advantageously capture the material and pass it to theirperipheries. The satisfactory flow of the material in the lower regionof the hopper has a particularly useful effect on the passage of thematerial through the hopper parts 3 and 4. In this way disturbance ofthe stream of material in the hopper parts 3 and 4 and their deliveryspouts 10 and 11 is avoided. Owing to the spherical design of the wallportions 12 and 13 corners in the lower ends of the hopper areeliminated so that sticking of the material is avoided.

In order to enable the quantity of material to be spread per unitsurface to be controlled, the outlet ports 50 and 51 and 108, 109 can beclosed to a greater or lesser extent by the dosing slides 80, 91 and106, 107 respectively. For this purpose the dosing slides 80 and 81 movein front of the ports 50 and 51, the location of the pivotal shafts 84and 85 being such that the dosing slides move in a substantiallyvertical direction along the outlet ports. Therefore, for effectivelyclosing the outlet ports or parts thereof the width 90 of the dosingslides need not appreciably exceed the width 74 of the ports. In theclosed state of the outlet ports the dosing slides 80 and 81 are intheir lowermost positions as is shown in FIG. 3. The slides can be movedupwards out of this position to open the outlet ports to a greater orlesser extent. The locations of the lower edges 91 of the dosing slidesand of the portions 66 and 67 of, for example, the port 50 are such thatat point 78 (FIG. 4) where the sides 66 and 67 meet, the edge 91 startsopening the port. Thus when the outlet port 50 starts to open it willnot form a long, narrow opening, but a passage having a reasonable widthand length so that through the small passage a small flow rate ofmaterial can occur for spreading a small amount per unit of surface onthe strip of land concerned. Owing to the substantially verticalmovement of the dosing slide 80 the edge 91 will move upwardlysubstantially parallel to itself so that a satisfactory shape of thereleased size of the port 50 is obtained as the dosing slide moves. Whatis described with reference to the port 50 also applies to the outletport 51 with the dosing slide 81 and to the outlet ports 108 and 109with the dosing slides 106 and 107.

A satisfactory contact between the dosing slides and the wall portionconcerned around the circumferences of the outlet ports is obtained byresiliently pressing the dosing slides against the walls 12 and 13respectively by means of the resilient carrying arms, for example, thecarrying arms 82 and 83. Consequently no unwanted gaps are formedbetween the dosing slides and the edges of the outlet ports. The size ofthe passage of the ports can thus be accurately set so that the flowrateof material flowing out can be precisely controlled.

The dosing slide can be readily displaced by means of the adjustingmechanism 114. The dosing slides can be moded up and down by moving thecoupling rods 95 and 96 and 112, 113, respectively. The coupling rodscan be moved up and down by turning the coupling arms 124 to 127 aboutthe spindle 120. For this purpose the coupling tube 123 can turn aboutthe carrying spindle 120. The coupling tube 123 can be turned by theadjusting arm 150 and the Bowden cable constituted by the inner andouter cables 152, 153. The inner cable 152 can be actuated remotely, forexample from the tractor seat, to turn the coupling tube 123. The arms124, 125 are able to turn about the coupling tube 123 so that forturning these coupling arms with the coupling tube the coupling armshave to be locked to the coupling tube. This is the function of thecontrol rod 137 connected to the coupling tube. The cavities 166 at theends 119 of the coupling arms can be selectively engaged with theperiphery of the control rod 137 as is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Whenthe coupling tube 123 is turned, the control rod 137 also turns aboutthe centerline 168 of the coupling tube 123. If the cavities 166 areengaged with the periphery of the control rod 137, the coupling arms arecarried along by the control rod 137 as the coupling tube 123 turnsabout the carrying spindle 120. Turning of the coupling tube 123 thusbrings about turning of the adjusting arms 124 to 127. This causes thedosing slides to be operated through the coupling rods.

In the position shown in FIG. 2 and in FIGS. 7 and 8 the dosing slidesare closed. To open the dosing slides the coupling tube 123 is turned inthe direction of the arrow 170 (FIG. 10) by operating the cable 152.This turn is also executed by the coupling arms 124 to 127 because ofthe engagement of the control rod 137 with the cavities 166.Consequently, the dosing slides move upwards to open the outlet ports.The adjusting arm 155 will turn out of its zero position, in which itcontacts the stop 160, into a position determined by the pin 159. In theillustrated position of the pin 159, i.e. in the lowermost hole 158, theoutlet ports are fully opened. When the pin 159 is inserted into ahigher hole 158, the maximum stroke of the adjusting arm 155 and hencethe angular turn of the coupling tube 123 about the centerline 168 areboth limited. The slides can then not be moved upwards far enough toopen the ports completely. Thus the location of the adjustable stop 159can be used as an indication of the free aperture of the ports. Byturning the coupling tube 123 in a direction opposite the arrow 170 thedosing slides can be closed again. With the aid of the fixed stops 160and the adjustable stop formed by the pin 159 the dosing slides can bereadily moved between a zero position and a selected open position bymeans of the remote control cable 152.

The locations of the lower edges 91 and the outlet ports 50 and 51 arearranged that, even when only a small area of the outlet ports is open,the material is supplied over a sufficiently large part of the angle 77to the distribution members so that the material can be ejected from adesired length of the periphery of the distribution member. Thiscircumferential angle will not become significantly larger owing to thelocation and shape of the ports when the free aperture of the ports isenlarged. The circumferential angle determined by the length of theperiphery over which material is ejected also determines the width ofthe strip of land over which each distribution member deposits thematerial. To ensure a consistent spreading width, the width of thisstrip must not be influenced by variation in the size of the outletports left open by the slides. However, the size of the circumferentialangle over which the material leaves the distribution member can beadjusted by keeping one of the outlet ports completely closed. When thisis done, the angle over which the material is fed to the distributionmember is effectively halved. The result of this is that thecircumferential angle over which the material leaves the distributionmember is also halved, as is the width of the strip of land over whichthe material is deposited during travel of the spreader. When thematerial is spread by both outlet ports to each distribution member thematerial is spread by that distribution member to both sides of theplane of symmetry 20 over equal distances, and so closure of one of theports will means that substantially half of the spreading width of thematerial is cut off. By selecting the port to be cloed it is possible todetermine which part of the strip will not receive material. With thedirection of rotation shown of the distribution member 5 the materialwill be mainly spread only on the right-hand side of the plane 20 withrespect to the direction 22 when the outlet port 50 is closed and thematerial is fed only through the port 51 to the distribution member.Conversely, when the outlet port 50 is open and the port 51 is closedthe material will mainly be spread only on the left-hand side of theplane of symmetry 20. In a similar manner by closing one of the outletports 108 and 109 the distribution member 6 will spread the materialonly on half the strip. By suitably selecting the ports to be closed, itis possible to spread material on only one side of the plane 20. Forexample, the outlet ports 50 and 109 can be kept closed so that thedistribution members 5 and 6 both spread the material only on theright-hand side of the plane 20 with respect to the direction 22. Thushalf a strip is covered by the two distribution members so that auniform spread on this half of the strip is ensured. Conversely thematerial may be spread only on the left-hand side of the plane ofsymmetry 20 by opening the outlet ports 50 and 109 and by keeping theoutlet ports 51 and 108 closed. In order to keep the two outlet portsclosed by means of the adjusting mechanism 114 the dosing slides of theports concerned have to remain in a position in which the ports areclosed, whereas the dosing slides of the other ports can still be movedto open a greater or smaller area of these outlet ports. For thispurpose the control rod 137 is provided. By displacing the control rod137 two of the slots 145, 146, 147 and 148 can optionally be broughtinto alignment with two of the coupling arms 124 to 127. Alignment of acoupling arm with a slot diesengages the control-rod from the couplingarm. This disengagement rotationally disconnects the coupling arm fromthe coupling tube 123 so that the dosing slide concerned is no longeractuated by the cable 152 forming a control member. In the positionshown in FIGS. 8 and 10, all of the coupling arms are in engagement withthe control rod. Movement of the control rod 137 to the right brings theslots 146 and 148 into alignment with the coupling arms 125 and 127 sothat the engagement between these coupling arms and the control rod isinterrupted. When the coupling tube 123 is turned out of the positionshown in FIG. 10 in the direction 170, the slots 146 and 148 move withthe control rod 137 along the ends of the coupling arms 125 and 127 sothat only the coupling arms 124 and 126 are turned about the centerline168 to displace the dosing slides 80 and 107. The dosing slides 81 and106 will then keep the outlet ports 51 and 108 in the closed statebecause the coupling arms 125 and 127 remain in the position shown inFIGS. 10 and 11, whereas the coupling arms 124 and 126 turn with thecoupling shaft in a position shown in FIG. 11. By displacing the controlrod 137 in its lengthwise direction so that the slots 145 and 147 arealigned with the arms 124 and 126, the cavities 166 of the coupling arms125 and 127 then engage the control rod 137 to lock the coupling arms tothe control rod, the dosing slides 80 and 107 then remaining in theposition in which the ports 50 and 109 are closed, whereas the dosingslides 81 and 106 can be moved up and down in front of the other portsfor regulating the supply of the material.

To displace the control rod 137, the locking pin 143 must be removedfrom one of the holes 144. Subsequent operation of the arm 139 causesthe control rod to be displaced so that the desired slots are alignedwith the desired coupling arms. The rod 137 is locked in its newselected position by inserting the lock pin 143 into a different hole144. The control rod 137 is thus movable lengthwise with respect to thecoupling tube 123 and it is always turnable with the coupling tube 123about the carrying shaft 120. The control rod 137 thus constitutes areleasable coupling mechanism for connecting and disconnecting thedesired dosing slides to and from the adjusting mechanism 114. In thismanner, simple adjustment is obtained, the control of which is easy,while the desired coupling of the dosing slides with the adjustingmechanism can be readily established for spreading the material over thefull width or only on the left or on the right.

Although in the illustrated embodiment the spherical wall portions 12and 13 are provided on a spreader having two distribution members, asingle spherical wall portion with one or more outlet ports may beemployed in a spreader having only one distribution member. Furthermore,although in the illustrated embodiment two outlet ports are provided ineach spherical wall portion, a different number of ports, or only oneoutlet port, may be provided.

A satisfactory junction of the spherical delivery basin with therotating floor 37 is obtained by the construction in which the sphericalwall portion bears on the rotating floor. An advantageous constructionbe obtained by the proportioning given for the basins 12 and 13, whichhave a maximum diameter 35 of about thirty centimeters, while the floor37 has a diameter of about thirteen centimeters. the height 32 of eachdelivery basin is then about nine centimeters. The diameter 167 of thedistribution members can then be advantageously selected to ensureoptimum spread of the material. The inclined position of the outletports with respect to the plane of the distribution members, which isdetermined by the spherical wall, results in such a direction of flow ofmaterial towards the distribution members that the distribution memberscan readily capture the material and transport it towards theirperipheries. This ensures a uniform spread, whereas unwanted sticking ofmaterial on the various parts is avoided.

Although in this embodiment the adjusting mechanism shown cooperatesthrough four coupling arms with four dosing slides, while by means ofthe control rod, two of the dosing slides at a time can be disconnectedfrom the mechanism, the adjusting mechanism of the kind described abovemay also be used with a different number of dosing slides. In the samemanner as described above the control rod will then be provided with thenecessary slots to carry out the desired coupling and decoupling betweenthe dosing slides and the control rod. The control rod of thisembodiment may be provided with more slots than is indicated so that adifferent combination of dosing slides can be connected to anddisconnected from the adjusting mechanism. The displaceability of thecontrol rod 137 can be adapted so that the desired combinations can beestablished for connecting or disconnecting the coupling arms to or fromthe coupling tube or the dosing slides to or from the adjustingmechanism. The adjusting mechanism shown may also be used in a spreaderhaving only one distribution member with one delivery member, andwherein two or more dosing slides with two or more ports are provided.Although in the embodiment described a spherical delivery basin isrepresented as a delivery member, in which all points of the wallportion, apart from the thickness of the wall portion, are equallyspaced apart from the center of the sphere, it will be appreciated thatthe adjusting mechanism shown may also be employed with differentlyshaped delivery members of a hopper with appropriately arranged outletports and dosing slides. The dosing slides may, for example, behorizontally movable below a horizontal floor having one or more outletports. The coupling shaft and the control rod may have a differentlocation than the horizontal position shown in the illustratedembodiment.

Although the adjusting arm 139 is represented as a directly manuallyoperated arm, it may be remotely controllable, for example by ahydraulic mechanism or a Bowden cable structure. For this purpose thesupport 122 may be provided with an arm to fasten the outer cable of theBowden cable structure or a hydraulic arm.

Although various features of the spreader decribed and that areillustrated in are set forth in the following claims as inventivefeatures, the invention is not necessarily limited to these features andmay encompass all patentably novel features disclosed both individuallyand in various combinations.

I claim:
 1. A device for spreading granular and/or powdery material,comprising:a hopper for containing the material to be spread; at leastone delivery funnel attached at the bottom of said hopper; a deliverybasin positioned immediately below each said delivery funnel, the upperedge of said delivery basin overlapping but not attached to the loweredge of said delivery funnel, said delivery basin having a top and abottom edge which are circular, lie in planes substantially parallel toone another, and extend through a circumference of 360°; and adistribution member for receiving material from said delivery basinpositioned above said distribution member; wherein said delivery basinfurther comprises at least one outlet port through which material passesfrom said delivery basin to said distribution member, said deliverybasin having a convex wall which curves upwardly in a curve generated byan arc centered on the vertical rotary axis of said distribution member,said outlet port being provided in said convex wall, and a dosing slideadapted to cover and uncover said outlet port by slidably bearingagainst the convex out surface of said delivery basin surrounding saidoutlet port.
 2. A device as claimed in claim 1, in which said deliverybasin upper edge has a radius of about fifteen centimeters.
 3. A deviceas claimed in claim 1, wherein during use, the center of curvature ofsaid delivery basin is higher than said top edge of said delivery basin.4. A device as claimed in claim 3 wherein during use, said deliverybasin is centered on a substantially vertical axis.
 5. A device asclaimed in claim 4, wherein during use, said top edge of said deliverybasin is parallel to a horizontal plane.
 6. A device as claimed in claim5, in which the bottom edge of said delivery basin adjoins a floor,rotating means being provided to rotate said floor about said verticalrotary axis.
 7. A device as claimed in claim 6, in which said floor hasa circular shoulder and, during the operation of the device, said floorrotates about said vertical rotary axis while receiving said bottom edgeof said delivery basin in said shoulder.
 8. A device as claimed in claim6, in which said hopper floor is centrally attached to said distributionmember.
 9. A device as claimed in claim 8, in which said floor isperpendicular to said vertical rotary axis.
 10. A device as claimed inclaim 9, in which said delivery basin bears at least partly on theperipheral region of said floor.
 11. A device as claimed in claim 1, inwhich said delivery basin is movable with respect to the rest of saidhopper.
 12. A device as claimed in claim 11, in which said deliverybasin is precluded from turning by means of a retaining mechanism.
 13. Adevice as claimed in claim 1 wherein said delivery basin comprises afloor having a diameter which is not greater than about the radius ofcurvature of said delivery basin.
 14. A device as claimed in claim 13wherein the top edge of said delivery basin has a diameter which is atleast about twice the diameter of said floor.
 15. A device as claimed inclaim 14, wherein said delivery basin has a height which is at leastabout one-half the radius of curvature of said delivery basin.
 16. Adevice as claimed in claim 15 wherein said delivery basin has a heightof about nine centimeters.
 17. A device as claimed in claim 1, whereinthe lowest point of said outlet port is located at least substantiallyat the level of said floor.
 18. A device as claimed in claim 17 whereinsaid lowest point of said outlet port is located near the periphery ofsaid floor.
 19. A device as claimed in claim 18, wherein said outletport has two upwardly extending edges which are parallel to each other.20. A device as claimed in claim 19, wherein said outlet port has anupper edge extending downwards from said upwardly extending edge ot theother said upwardly extending edge.
 21. A device as claimed in claim 19,wherein a lower edge of said outlet port extends downwardly from onesaid upwardly extending edge toward the other said upwardly extendingedge.
 22. A device as claimed in claim 21, wherein said upper and loweredges extend downwardly in the same direction.
 23. A device as claimedin claim 19, wherein the lower edge of said outlet port comprises twoedge portions which are inclined relative to each other.
 24. A device asclaimed in claim 1 in which said delivery basin has a further outletport, the two said outlet ports being spaced apart from each other byshort distance.
 25. A device as claimed in claim 24, in which saidoutlet ports are shaped and disposed symmetrically with respect to eachother about a plane lying midway between them and containing the centerof said spherical surface.
 26. A device as claimed in claim 24, in whichthe lower edge and the upper edge of each said outlet port extendsdownwards in an opposite sense to the lower edge and upper edge of theother said outlet port.
 27. A device as claimed in claim 26, in whichsaid lower and upper edges extending downwardly away from each other.28. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said delivery basin furthercomprises a floor having a centering shoulder, said delivery basin'sbottom edge adjoining said centering shoulder of said floor.
 29. Adevice as claimed in claim 1 wherein said dosing slide has a concavesurface that is complimentary to the convex outer surface of saiddelivery basin, both said delivery basin and said dosing slide havin thesame center of curvature centered on said vertical rotary axis.
 30. Adevice as claimed in claim 29, further comprising:a carrying arm formaintaining said dosing slide in contact with said convex outer surfaceof said delivery basin; a first pin pivotably attaching said carryingarm near one end to said delivery basin; and a second pin for pivotablyattaching said dosing slide to said carrying arm's opposite end, whereina continuation of the longitudinal axis of both first and second pinspass through the center of curvature of said delivery basin.
 31. Adevice as claimed in claim 1 comprising a further outlet port and adosing slide for each said outlet port, said dosing slides beingcontrollable independently of each other, the two said dosing slidesbeing controllable by an adjusting mechanism which comprises acontrol-member, a coupling mechanism being provided which is operableselectively to connect and disconnect said dosing slides to and fromsaid control-member.
 32. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein saidhopper has two delivery funnels each having an associated deliverybasin.
 33. A device as claimed in claim 32, wherein each said deliverybasin has at least two outlet ports, each said outlet port having adosing slide movably arranged over said outlet port and each said dosingslide being coupled with and adjusting machine.
 34. A device as claimedin claim 33, wherein said adjusting mechanism is arranged near that sideof said hopper which faces away from the direction in which the materialis spread by said distribution member during operation of the device.35. A device as claimed in claim 1 comprising a further distributionmember, the two said distribution members spreading materialsubstantially symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane containingthe longitudinal centerline of the device, the two said distributionmembers simultaneously depositing the material on substantiallycoinciding sectors.
 36. A device as claimed in claim 35 comprisingcoupling members for hitching the device to the lifting device of atractor.
 37. A device as claimed in claim 36 comprising means to couplesaid members with the power take-off shaft of a prime mover.
 38. In adevice for spreading granular and/or powdery material, a hopper meansfor holding material to be spread, said hopper means comprising:at leastone delivery basin lying substantially below said hopper means, saiddelivery basin having a top and a bottom edge which are circular, linein planes substantially parallel to one another, and extend through acircumference of 360°; an outlet port being provided in said deliverybasin; distribution means for spreading material received from saidhopper means through said outlet port in said delivery basin; a dosingslide engaging and operatively associated with said delivery basin forselectively uncovering and covering said outlet port, said deliverybasin and said dosing slide having engaging and complimentary surfaceswhich curve upwardly in a curve generated by an arc lying on anextension of said distribution member's rotary axis.
 39. In a device forspreading granular and/or powdery material, comprising:a hopper forcontaining said material and transferring said material to adistribution member, said hopper further comprising a delivery basinhaving a spherical surface provided with an outlet port, said deliverybasin having a top and a bottom edge which are circular, lie in planessubstantially parallel to one another, and extend through acircumference of 360°; and dosing means for selectively covering saidoutlet port, said delivery basin extending around an upwardly extendingaxis.
 40. A hopper as claimed in claim 39 wherein the upper edge of saiddelivery basin is lower than the center of the sphere which defines saidspherical surface.
 41. A hopper as claimed in claim 39 wherein saiddistribution member is rotatable about said upwardly extending axis. 42.A hopper as claimed in claim 41 wherein said delivery basin has a loweredge which rests on said distribution member.
 43. A hopper as claimed inclaim 39 wherein the portion of said delivery basin containing saidoutlet port diverges upwardly in a curve generated by an arc centered onsaid upwardly extending axis.
 44. A hopper as claimed in claim 39wherein said dosing means comprises a dosing slide for uncovering andcovering said outlet port and linkage means for moving said dosingslide, said linkage means and said dosing slide arranged so that saidoutlet port is uncovered by said dosing slide being moved upwardly bysaid linkage means.
 45. A hopper as claimed in claim 39, furthercomprising a delivery funnel arranged to extend above and have its lowerend received within said delivery basin so that there is a lateralcircumferential clearance between the lower end of said funnel and saiddelivery basin, said funnel and said delivery basin not being directlyaffixed to each other.
 46. A device for spreading granular and/orpowdery material which comprises a hopper for containing the material tobe spread, a delivery basin lying there below, and a distribution memberfor receiving material from said delivery basin, an outlet port in saiddelivery basin through which material passes from said hopper to saiddistribution member, said hopper having an annular wall portion, theexterior surface of said delivery basin corresponding to a band of asphere, said band having a top and a bottom edge which are circular, liein planes substantially parallel to one another, and extend through acircumference of 360°, said outlet port being in said delivery basin,the lower edge of said outlet port comprising two edge portions whichare inclined relative to each other, a slide being movable upwardly anddownwardly over said outlet port for respectively uncovering and covering said outlet port to a greater or lesser extent.
 47. A device asclaimed in claim 46, wherein said outlet port has two upwardly extendingedges which connect with said lower edge, an upper edge extendingdownwardly from one to the other of said upwardly extending edges.
 48. Adevice as claimed in claim 46, wherein the said wall portion has asecond outlet port adjacent said first mentioned outlet port, the upperedge of said first mentioned outlet port extending downwardly from thesaid upwardly extending edge thereof nearest said second outlet port.49. In a device for spreading granular material, a hopper comprising:astorage chamber, said storage chamber holding the material to be spread;at least one funnel-shaped part attached to the bottom of said storagechamber for channeling the flow of material from said storage chamber; adelivery basin lying below each said funnel-shaped part, said deliverybasin having a form corresponding to a band cut from a sphere below thesphere's greatest circumference and further comprising at least oneoutlet port for permitting material to flow to the device's distributionmember; and a dosing slide for uncovering or covering each said outletport, said dosing slide being formed in a complementary manner to saiddelivery basin to be able to move in any direction across the outersurface of said delivery basin.
 50. A hopper as claimed in claim 49wherein said dosing slide is resiliently retained against said outersurface of said delivery basin by means of a carrying arm, said dosingslide being pivotally mounted on said carrying arm, said carrying armbeing pivotally mounted on said delivery basin.
 51. A hopper as claimedin claim 49 wherein said delivery basin's upper edge circumferentiallyoverlaps, but remains separate from said funnel-shaped part's loweredge.
 52. A hopper as claimed in claim 51 wherein said delivery basin'slower edge rests upon a shoulder portion of the device's distributionmember providing a floor for said distribution basin, which duringoperation rotates thereby preventing the material to be spread fromcaking.
 53. A device for spreading granular and/or powdery materialcomprising a hopper for containing the material to be spread, at leastone delivery funnel attached at the lower end of said hopper, a deliverybasin positioned immediately below each said delivery funnel, the upperedge of said delivery basin overlapping but separate from the lower endof said delivery funnel, a distribution member rotatable about anupwardly extending rotary axis for receiving material from said deliverybasin, said distribution member being positioned below said deliverybasin, wherein said delivery basin further comprises at least one outletport through which material passes from the delivery basin to saiddistribution member, said delivery basin having a convex wall whichcurves upwardly in a curve generated by an arc, the center of said arcbeing positioned higher than the upper side of said basin, said outletport being provided in said convex wall and a basin slide being adaptedto cover and uncover said outlet port slidably bearing against theconvex outer surface of said delivery basin surrounding said outletport, whereby said basin slide is formed according to the same curvatureas said outer surface of said delivery basin, said basin slide beingmounted to a supporting arm by a pivotal connection to said wall basinat a point which is situated higher than said basin slide, the pivotaxis of said pivotable connection extending at least nearly through saidcenter of said arc defining delivery basin, the lower end of saiddelivery basin being positioned adjacent the outer circumference of arotatable bottom disc which forms at least partly the bottom of saiddelivery basin, said delivery basin being freely open at its upper end,said outlet port extending to at least near said lower end of saidbasin, whereby the lower edge of said outlet port lies approximately atthe same height as the upper surface of said bottom disc.
 54. A devicefor spreading granular and/or powdery material comprising a hopper forcontaining the material to be spread, at least one delivery funnelattached at the lower end of said hopper, a delivery basin positionedimmediately below each said delivery funnel, the upper edge of saiddelivery basin overlapping but not being attached to the lower end ofsaid delivery funnel, a distribution member being rotatable about anupwardly extending rotary axis for receiving material from said deliverybasin, said distribution member being positioned below said deliverybasin, said delivery basin further comprising at least one outlet portthrough which material passes from the delivery basin to saiddistribution member, said delivery basin having a convex wall whichcurves upwardly in a curve generated by an arc centered on said upwardlyextending rotary axis of said distribution member, said outlet portbeing provided in said convex wall and a basin slide adapted to coverand uncover said outlet port slidably bearing against the convex outersurface of said delivery basin surrounding said outlet port, the upperend of said delivery basin being annular, said delivery basin extendingat least substantially 360° around said upwardly extending rotary axis,said upper end of said delivery basin lying lower than the center ofsaid arc, the lower end of said delivery basin resting on the outercircumference of a rotating bottom disc which forms at leastsubstantially the bottom side of said delivery basin, said bottom discbeing coupled with said distribution member, said delivery basin beingfreely open at its upper end and each said delivery funnel of saidhopper being enclosed by said upper end of said delivery basin, saidupper end being open in an upward direction from said delivery basin tothe area enclosed by said hopper, said outlet port extending to at leastnear said lower end of said delivery basin, whereby the lower edge ofsaid outlet port lies approximately at the same height as the uppersurface of said bottom disc, said dosing slide being slidable in an up-and downward direction so as to open or close said outlet port, saiddosing slide being formed according to the same curvature as the outerside of said wall around said outlet port, said dosing slide beingresiliently held against said outer side of said delivery basin, saiddosing slide being attached to a supporting arm, said supporting armconnected to said wall basin by a pivotal connection at a point higherthan said outlet port, the axis of said pivotal connection extending atleast nearly through said center of said convex wall.
 55. A device asclaimed in claim 53, in which said delivery basin extends over a heightwhich is larger than one-third of the radius of said arc of said convexwall and the lower side of said delivery basin has a diameter of aboutthirteen centimeters, whereby the lower end of said outlet port extendsmore to the horizontal than to the vertical in a horizontal position ofsaid device.
 56. A device as claimed in claim 54, in which the upper andlower edges of said delivery basin are parallel to each other.
 57. Aspreader for granular and/or powdery material such as fertilizer,comprising:a hopper for receiving material to be spread; at least onedelivery member lying under said hopper, said delivery member having awall portion, the outer surface of said wall portion being a compoundcurved surface, all points of said curved surface being equidistant froma fixed point, said wall portion having a top and a bottom edge whichare circular, lie in planes substantially parallel to one another, andextend through a circumference of 360°; and at least one outlet port insaid wall portion for releasing the material, said outlet port beingsurrounded by said outer surface, said outlet port having a segmentedlower edge which has generally the configuration of a "V" comprised oftwo lower edge portions inclined at an angle to each other.
 58. Aspreader in accordance with claim 57, comprising a dosing slide havingan interior surface corresponding to said outer surface, said dosingslide having carrying means for sliding said dosing slide into selectivepositions upwardly and downwardly along said wall portion's outersurface over said outlet port so that in being moved upwardly saidoutlet port is opened, and in being moved downwardly said outlet port isclosed.